.presentence investigation c. men. The drug abuser presents ______ problems for corrections. c. culture. 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. a. Elizabeth Heffernan 150,000 c. sometimes 2014 Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of America's current jail population? b. function. The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. We define sentencing guidelines as sentencing rules that: (1) are currently in effect; (2) recommend sentences, for most types of crime or at least most felonies, that are deemed to be appropriate in typical cases of that type (i.e., cases that do not present aggravating or mitigating factors that might permit departure from the recommendation); According to Sykes, the greater the degree of solidarity among inmates within the inmate social system, the: Although the idea of ______ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States. of ethics you would look for in an WebFurther, judges may be constrained in their sentencing decisions by concerns regarding Indigenous offenders ability to do time in prison and the broader social cost of incarceration on Indigenous families and communities. 750,000 Studies of non-prison alternatives find that even the most successful programs enroll _________ convicted people who would otherwise have been incarcerated. c. unclear. The new movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between standard probation and prison is called: Which statement is NOT an argument made in favor or pretrial diversion? The number of items that a prisoner may purchase or receive through legitimate channels ____________from state to state and from facility to facility: c. Elizabeth Glaser >>Jury Deliberations d. Elizabeth Franklin. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that offenders have had it too soft, resulting in: a. d. camaraderie, Inmates who fall victim to sexual violence while incarcerated tend to be: c. sexual misconduct by male officers. b. deganging c. was largely ignored by the community. b. disturbed the public. b. the probation officers don't really care about the client. Children of people who have been incarcerated The ______ and the Code of Hammurabi are the two earliest-known comprehensive statements regarding what behavior was prohibited and punishable. WebThis button displays the currently selected search type. WebIn a criminal trial, the defendant's lawyer can ask for a motion to dismiss the charges, arguing that the government has failed to prove its case. In classifying people who committed crimes, correctional crimes, correctional administrators put them into groups based on _______. b. too lenient. b. c. tier design. Webjudicial discretion. a. psychologists b. rehabilitation. d. 3.7 billion, Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as: b. Limited What percentage of the correctional population is comprised of males? What case was instrumental in ensuring that women's prisons had programs comparable to that of male prisons? b. under community supervision. When all forms of correctional supervision are taken into account, what percentage of all adults in the United States are under some form of correctional control? Experts usually cite _______ as reasons wrongful convictions occur. c. they do not have the educational background necessary. d. there is a relatively small number of women in prison and jail. Prior to the reform movement in the 1800s, women in Europe and the United States were: The least frequent used criminal sanction in the United States is ______. *Steps in a Trial* $350,000 1,000,000 54,000 The relationship between prison crowding and violence is: a. more violent. __________ is a system of government in which power and responsibility are divided between a national government and state governments. c. Male. Private enterprise has _________ played a role in America corrections. __________ is an institutional for the incarceration of people convicted of crimes, usually felonies. d. elderly inmate. The concept of community corrections is best understood as a goal. Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to _______. a. were housed in secure and sanitary conditions. d. all of these. What is the primary challenge that long-term prison residents pose to administrators? Calculate the required amortization for 2019 . c. campus style Mediation, American Bar Association Before that time, a pre-sentence investigation will take place to help the judge determine the appropriate sentence from the range of possible sentences set out in the statutes. d. Wilbur, The prison design most often used for female and juvenile inmates is: d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators. a. physical stress As state's deal with severe budgetary problems the future of private prisons is: Elizabeth Farnham, head matron of the women's wing at Sing Sing from 1844-1848, tried to implement reform ideas for female prisoners and: d. super-max prisons. All these activities are part of _______. b. Latino. 8 a. b. discriminatory The central problem with the mental health model of criminality is that we __________. Although the mere act of ___________ is not considered a serious offense, the collateral acts of predatory crime and violence are considered quite serious. c. medical problems .tg .tg-0lax{text-align:left;vertical-align:top} c. exceeds that of men. The average person incarcerated in federal prison tends to be a white male who has committed a _______ offense. Local assistance programs for incarcerated people are usually operated by community self-help volunteers. WebMany times, when judges following the sentencing polices, they are too soft on the criminals. Long term inmates are recognized as those who suffer from: America's oldest prison was built in 1798. .tg .tg-0pky{border-color:inherit;text-align:left;vertical-align:top} c. honor a rape victim. c. They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules c. similar programming. b. place gang members in solitary confinement. .tg .tg-lqy6{text-align:right;vertical-align:top} Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles? Judges sometimes do sentence below the range, but often seem reluctant to give a sentence far less than what the guidelines recommend. b. d. mentally ill. Of the following populations who are the most statistically likely to get in trouble with the law and eventually end up in prison? >>The Jury Pool >>The Jury Pool 700,000 Suppose that we will randomly select a sample of nnn elements from a population and that we will compute the sample proportion p^\hat{p}p^ of these elements that fall into a category of interest. Home confinement is best suited to: Who defines the enforcement of the criminal law in the United States? Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of __________. In which case did the Supreme Court uphold a state prison ban on correspondence between people in prison in different correctional institutions? it is inadequate for a large number of clients. b. incapacitation b. 648,000 managing the correctional organization; working with offenders. d. affiliation. c. transfer gang members to another institution. Judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: a. research Explain your answer. The adaptive role within prison where inmates see the period in prison as a temporary break in their criminal careers is known as: When an inmate views his/her incarceration as a temporary break in their criminal career, their adaptive role is known as: Operating expenses Prisons designed to hold the "toughest of the tough" are called: The decision to _______ is a factor influencing the filtering process. 5,000 WebWhen the questioning is complete, the attorneys for both sides meet with the judge to pick the jury for the trial. https://lawshelf.com/videocoursesmoduleview/sentencing-options-module-1-of-5 The emphasis of the ______ on the importance of hard work and on the sinfulness of sloth sparked European reformers to urge that some means be used to provide work for the idle poor. For each of the following events, draw the new market outcome and say whether the equilibrium price and quantity will increase or decrease. b. control gambling and extortion within the institution. b. Community corrections in various locales across the United States have similar ___________. d. Acquitted. ________ clients are likely to have committed a crime because they have been exploited by others. a. drug use. WebFinally, judges often "appeal-proof" their judgements, but giving a shorter sentence isn't a tactic they use. Judges use combinations of criminal sanctions to reflect all of the following EXCEPT the _______. Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate _______ in prison populations. Punishment designed to repair damage to both victim and community is considered _________. b. determined. d. bias. Behaviour outside of the courtroom can also be at issue. Men between which ages are more prone to violence? _______ clients are more likely to seek solitude. At least ________ people are detained in a jail at some time during the year. b. misunderstandings c. religion Inside women's facilities there has been a recent escalation of: a. inmates. Traditionally, women have received ___________ treatment from judges. d. super max. According to the authors, _______ is the most visible penalty imposed by the American criminal justice system. 18,000 In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional rights as: The American penitentiary was first conceptualized by _________. Which Amendment helps to ensure procedural due process and equal protection of the law for people in prison? According to the author, the general rule of architecture, including prisons, is that form follows: For most of US history, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as protecting individuals from the acts of the ________. Because inmates are not allowed to carry any currency, the primary method of exchange in prison is: WebSentencing judges must weigh all aggravating and mitigating factors and state on the record the reasons for their sentencing choices. a. one third >>Jury Deliberations c. differs >>Discovery Which of the following is NOT one of four general types of community corrections control strategies used in the United States? The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement? During the early 1960s, the US Supreme Court decided to require state governments to ________ most of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights. Approximately ______ of female inmates are currently incarcerated for violent offenses. Almost 60 percent of American's jails ________ clients for at least some of the medical care they receive. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are what? When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. >>Sentencing The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. c. transfer to another prison. d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences, d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences. The _______ came to be known as the Era of Treatment, in which many states adopted the medical model of corrections. Judge instructs the jury for the incarceration of people convicted of crimes correctional. Health problems are direct and immediate consequences of __________ as those who suffer:. Usually cite _______ as reasons wrongful convictions occur, in which case did the Supreme Court uphold state. Increase or decrease to give a sentence far less than what the guidelines.... Of criminality is that we __________ use combinations of criminal sanctions to reflect all of the criminal law the... 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