how to identify spectator ionshow to identify spectator ions

Peter J. Mikulecky, PhD, teaches science and math at Fusion Learning Center and Fusion Academy, and is a technical writer. The user can follow the steps given below to use the Spectator Ions Calculator. And, this is the reason why they are named so. ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/definition-of-spectator-ion-and-examples-605675. equation and split up everything into ions. A balanced chemical equation is an equation with an equal number of elements on both sides of the reactants and products. to do anything with it. it worthwhile to memorize the common spectator ions because knowing them makes it easier to identify strong acids, strong bases, and neutral salts in a . In this case, the chloride ions (Cl) are crossed out:

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This leaves the net reaction:

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The net reaction turns out to be balanced for mass and charge, so it's the balanced net ionic equation.

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Christopher Hren is a high school chemistry teacher and former track and football coach. 9.7C Identify the ions in unknown salts, using results of the tests above, 9.6C Identify the ions in unknown salts, using the tests for the specified cations and anions in 9.2C, 9.3C, 9.4C, 9.5C, 5 Identification of an unknown compound using cation tests, anion tests and flame tests.

Peter J. Mikulecky, PhD, teaches science and math at Fusion Learning Center and Fusion Academy, and is a technical writer. Carbon dioxide can be identified with limewater. Compare the reactant and product sides of the rewritten reaction and cross out the spectator ions. When we have an ionic substance thats aqueous, that means its split up into the ions that make it up. The equation below is the final net ionic equation after elimination of the spectator ions, which yields water.H+(aq) + OH(aq) H2O(l), The spectator ions in KOH(aq) and HNO3(aq) are: K+(aq) and NO3(aq). Ions are atoms or molecules that carry a net electrical charge. Steps for writing net ionic equations are: Let us write the ionic equation of AgNO3 + NaCl NaNO3 + AgCl, Na+ + Cl + Ag+ + NO3 AgCl (s) + Na+ + NO3. This website uses cookies and similar technologies to deliver its services, to analyse and improve performance and to provide personalised content and advertising. Water purification practical videos | 1416 students, Paper chromatography | Practical videos | 1416 students, Improving our Classic chemistry demonstrations collection, Qualitative tests for organic functional groups | practical videos | 1618 students, Preparation of an organic liquid | practical videos | 1618 students, Electrochemical cells | practical videos | 1618 students. These ions are spectator ions because they don't react with water, so when soluble compounds of these ions dissolve in water, they won't directly affect pH and can be ignored. Some of the challenge tasks require learners to use and apply their knowledge from other topics. equation, we can identify our spectator ion. A chemical equation written without the spectator ions is called a net ionic equation. They carry out the entire charge-balancing act without disturbing the equilibrium of the equation. "Spectator ions" are simply those ions in a reaction solution that do not themselves react. According to Chemlab, spectator ions remain in solution and do not change ionic charges. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The user must then press Submit for the calculator to process the chemical equation. Sulfate ions in solution produce a white precipitate with barium chloride solution in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid. This tool helps you do just that. solid. Video and supporting resources to support a practical investigation to identify organic functional groups using a range of qualitative tests, Video and supporting resources to support practical work based on synthesis of an organic liquid, the experiment includes the stages of preparation, separation and purification, Video and supporting resources to support electrochemistry practical work, including two microscale experiments, animation and cell diagrams. Diagnostic multiple-choice questionsare a great way to explore learners misconceptions by investigating reasoning behind their answers. Copyright Science Struck & Buzzle.com, Inc. Next is copper(II) sulfate, which Allow 30 minutes for the testing of negative ions, 10 minutes for each test. Technician notes and integrated instructions are available to support all of the tests in this video. The calculator also displays the names, IUPAC names, chemical formulas, and Hills formula for all the compounds present in the chemical reaction. Not all reactions have spectator ions, but those that have many distinct types can be difficult to analyze using an equation. In other words, spectate means watch the other ions react in an aqueous solution. Mandatory experiment 1.1 - Flame tests (Li, Na, K, Ba, Sr and Cu only). tasked with is identifying a spectator ion. When two ionic compounds are dissolved into an aqueous state, or both are dissolved into the same solvent, their ions separate, so any ions that made up the first compound can interact with any ions from the second compound. This video shows how to use flame tests and chemical tests to identify both metal and non-metal ions. Spectator Ion Definition Spectator ions may be either cations (positively-charged ions) or anions (negatively-charged ions). A strong acid ionizes completely in water b. A spectator ion is one that exists in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical reaction. Learn how to identify metal and non-metal ions in unknown solutions. When strong acids dissociate, they dissociate completely, so an anion of a strong . In this case, the hydroxide OH^-1 and hydride H^+ ions from the LiOH and HBr respectively remain in solution. In order to understand the concept of spectator ions, we first need to understand the concept of net ionic equations. aqueous solution a solution where the solvent is water. This window shows the chemical structures displaying all the chemical bonds present in all the substances of the chemical reaction. Again since this is a solid, we From the solubility rules, you know both sodium chloride and copper sulfate dissociate into their ions in water. Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous solutions of Li2S and CoI3. For all the charges to be balanced, all the products must not be in aqueous form. If all are spectator ions then no reaction takes place. Langley and Moore are coauthors of Biochemistry For Dummies. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9159"}},{"authorId":9161,"name":"Peter J. Mikulecky","slug":"peter-j-mikulecky","description":"

Christopher R. Hren has taught high school chemistry, honors chemistry, and AP Chemistry for more than 15 years. Na+ (aq) + Cl (aq)+ Ag+ (aq)+ NO3 (aq) AgCl (s) + Na+ (aq)+ NO3 (aq) . The calculator computes the rate of reaction by assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediated and side products. ion. Peter J. Mikulecky, PhD, teaches biology and chemistry at Fusion Learning Center and Fusion Academy. An atom or a molecule can lose or gain electron(s) to form an ion. There are different types of ions, including cations, anions, and spectator ions. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. The ion is unchanged on both sides of a chemical equation and does not affect equilibrium. Full teacher notes are available in thesupporting resources booklet, including ideas forhow to use this videoand the supporting resources as part of your teaching. The physics of restoration and conservation, RSC Yusuf Hamied Inspirational Science Programme, How to prepare for the Chemistry Olympiad, Identifying ions: integrated instructions, Identifying ions: pause-and-think questions, Identifying ions: printable results tables. Cross out the spectator ions to produce a net reaction. Adapt the questions to make them relevant to the stage and level that you are at. The flame tests infographics is a great reference sheet and also explains the chemistry behind the flame colours. It also shows the charges on the ions of the ionic compounds. Nagwa is an educational technology startup aiming to help teachers teach and students learn. The word equation for the chemical reaction is as follows: \[ Iron () \ Chloride \ + \ Sodium \ Hydroxide \ \longrightarrow \ Iron () \ Hydroxide \ + \ Sodium \ Chloride \], \[ K_c = \frac{ [ Fe (OH)_{3} ] \ [ NaCl ]^{3} }{ [ Fe Cl_{3} ] \ [ NaOH ]^{3} } \]. If all reactants and products cross out, then no reaction will occur.

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The net reaction is

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As written, the preceding reaction is imbalanced with respect to the number of hydrogen atoms and the amount of positive charge.

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Balance the net reaction for mass and charge.

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If you want, you can balance the equation for mass and charge first (at Step 1). record detailed observations or numerical data (where appropriate) during chemical reactions, including discrete or continuous variables; propose justified explanations, for example determine the identity of cations and anions from the observations of precipitation reactions and flame tests; Unit 1: Structures, Trends, Chemical Reactions, Quantitative Chemistry and Analysis, 1.8.15 describe how to test for carbon dioxide: limewater (calcium hydroxide solution) will change from colourless to milky if the test is positive; and. The equation can now be written without the spectator ions. Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reactions that occur in each of the following cases. The physical states of all the reactants and products are essential in identifying the spectator ions. The spectator ions do not participate in chemical reactions. not participate in the chemical change in a reaction. It is solid, and hence, cannot be separated into ions. a redox reaction isnt important for answering this question, since all weve been Here are some examples solved through the Spectator Ions Calculator. The user must first enter the chemical equation as stated in example 1. 1.9.10 describe how to carry out a flame test using nichrome wire and concentrated hydrochloric acid to identify metal ions; 1.9.11 demonstrate knowledge of the flame colours of different metal ions: lithium (crimson); sodium (yellow/orange); potassium (lilac); calcium (brick red); and copper(II) (bluegreen/greenblue); Prescribed Practical C2: identify the ions in an ionic compound using flame tests. Information on the solubility of compounds can be used to predict when a precipitate will form. Na2CO3(aq) and MgSO4(aq) Step 1 : MgSO4(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) MgCO3(s) + Na2SO4(aq) Step 2 : Mg2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq) MgCO3(s) + 2Na+(aq) + SO42-(aq), The spectator ions in Na2CO3(aq) and MgSO4(aq) are: Na+(aq) and SO42-(aq). A spectator ion is an ion that does window.__mirage2 = {petok:"yJsOLZJdeqhF8FBxO0kCtFhBpPIbfNtS6rI.Wzgdxm0-31536000-0"}; In relation stoichiometry, Net ionic equations are formed by removing the spectator ions from an entire ionic equation. NaCl consists of one $Na^{+}$ and $Cl^{-}$ ion. A net ionic equation doesn't include every component that may be present in a given beaker. While you can consult a table, it worthwhile to memorize the common spectator ions because knowing them makes it easier to identify strong acids, strong bases, and neutral salts in a chemical reaction. These are shown in Table 2: All the images are created using Geogebra. Prescribed Practical C4: identify the ions in an ionic compound using chemical tests. A student is asked to identify the metal nitrate present in an aqueous solution. Any dissolved ions that appear in the same form on both sides are spectator ions. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. 3. 7.1 ions worksheet answers. Consider the reaction between sodium chloride (NaCl) and copper sulfate (CuSO4) in aqueous solution. Therefore, they are termed as spectator ions. Our first reactant is magnesium To determine the spectator ions in a reaction, the compounds that make up the reaction must be broken down into ions, if possible. Step 1 The user must first enter the chemical equation for which the spectator ions are required. ThoughtCo. Either method produces the same net ionic equation in the end. 2.2 Analytical Chemistry: Identify Ions Present in Solution. transfer of electrons. Definitions of molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations Describe and explain the simple test-tube reactions of: M(aq) ions (limited to M = Fe and Cu), and of M(aq) ions (limited to M = Al and Fe), with the bases OH, NH and CO. Spectator ions, as the name suggests, are ions that play a major role when it comes to having equal charges on both sides of a chemical equation. Either method produces the same net ionic equation in the end. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. While writing net ionic equations the spectator ions are omitted from the reactant and product side. This activity makes a good plenary or starter; asking students to name the metal ion as they see the different flame colours. Learners often find solution chemistry challenging as they fail to appreciate that, as well as the ions taking place in the precipitate reaction, both water molecules and spectator ions are also present. symbol, which is aqueous. Step I : Write the equation (with chemical formulas) for which spectator ions are to be determined. Step II : Express each of the reactants and products in terms of its cations and anions. Step III : Write down those cations and anions whose charge doesnt change throughout the equation. Step IV : Write down those cations and anions whose state (aqueous) remains the same throughout the equation. No, spectator ions always present in the ionic form on both sides of the equation. For the above example this yields: So: 2Na + CO2 + Cu + SO2 2Na + SO2 + CuCO = CO2 + Cu CuCO Spectator ions concentration only affect the Debye length. In reaction stoichiometry, spectator ions are removed from a complete ionic equation to form a net ionic equation. PbI2 is the precipitate in this reaction. Write balanced ionic equations to describe the formation of precipitates or complex ions. It is not necessary for all ions to interact in this state, and if some ions do not interact, they usually remain dissolved in solution. The ions which satisfy both the criteria (step 3 and step 4) are said to be spectator ions. The net reaction is Considering these possible effects, the name "spectator ion" can be somewhat misleading, since the ions do have the potential to serve a purpose. These properties include molar mass, phase, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility in water, and odor. Summary of Spectator IonAs suggested by its name, the spectator ions simply 'watch' another ions taking part in the response without itself getting involved in the response. Here's a simple recipe for making net ionic equations of your own: Examine the starting equation to determine which ionic compounds are dissolved, as indicated by the (aq) symbol following the compound name. Their role is only to spector the chemical reaction. 2 NaCl (aq) + CuSO4 (aq) 2 Na+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) + CuCl2 (s), The ionic form of this reaction is: 2 Na+ (aq) + 2 Cl- (aq) + Cu2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) 2 Na+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) + CuCl2 (s). A net ionic equation includes only those ions or compounds that undergo chemical change. As learners develop their understanding of chemical bonding further, it is common for students to refer to ionic compounds as molecules or to refer to intermolecular forces when explaining properties of ionic compounds. It can be written as follows: \[ K_c = \frac{ {[P_{1}]}^{M_{P_{1}}} {[P_{2}]}^{M_{P_{2}}} }{ {[R_{1}]}^{M_{R_{1}}} {[R_{2}]}^{M_{R_{2}}} } \], $M_{P_{1}}$ = No. Spectator ions are the cations of strong bases (group 1 & 2 metals) and the anions of strong acids (ie Cl, Br, I, NO3, ClO4, and H2SO4). Cross out the spectator ions to produce a net reaction. The states can be removed while entering the chemical equation. The names of all the substances are present in the word equation. To avoid these misconceptions introduce and emphasise the correct use of the terms ion and molecule from the outset. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. sulfate, which would be split up into the magnesium two plus ion and the sulfate two An ion is a positively or negatively charged particle. 1. To identify these spectator ions, we'll first have to write out the ionic form of all the chemical species involved in this reaction. What are the spectator ions in the reaction between aqueous magnesium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid? the equation Mg solid plus CuSO4 aqueous reacting to form MgSO4 aqueous plus Cu They are atoms or a group of atoms that do not change chemically or physically during the course of a reaction. C5.2 How do chemists find the composition of unknown samples? Once all the tests have been completed, provide the class with an unknown solution X and ask the students to identify either the positive ion present, the negative ion present or both. chemical species involved in this reaction, copper sulfate and magnesium sulphate, Despite their lack of purpose in the reaction that generates them, spectator ions are sometimes used in other processes. 1.2.1 demonstrate knowledge and understanding that an ion is a charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons and a molecular ion is a charged particle containing more than one atom; and. You know what works best for your learners and we want to provide it. equation with everything split up into ions that can be, which is called an ionic RP 4: Carry out simple test-tube reactions to identify: cations (Group 2, NH), anions (Group 7 [halide ions], OH, CO, SO). identify the spectator ion or ions in each reaction. In both cases you will need to either put the printed sheet into a plastic wallet or laminate it. of moles of the first product P1, $M_{P_{2}}$ = No. The products are copper chloride and sodium sulfate.2NaCl(aq) + CuSO4(aq) CuCl2(s) + Na2SO4(aq) - Equation I, Step 2 :The complete ionic equation for equation I is as follows:2Na+(aq) + 2Cl(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) CuCl2(s) + 2Na+(aq) + SO42-(aq). Spectator Ions Calculator + Online Solver With Free Steps. This is something learners often struggle with later on in their studies. The chemical structure for $Fe Cl_3$ is as follows: NaOH consists of one $Na^{+}$ and $OH^{-}$ ion. Learners will need to have a clear understanding of the following scientific terminology: ion a positively or negatively charged particle. In case of total ionic equations, the charges on both sides of the equation need to be balanced. This will give you time to go over the theory in the same lesson. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Identify spectator ions by writing ionic compounds in an aqueous solution as their dissolved species, and then look for the cations and anions that remain in aqueous form throughout the reaction. Depending on which part of the reaction you are interested in, you might write a molecular, complete ionic, or net ionic equation. According to Chemlab, spectator ions remain in solution and do not change ionic charges. Any dissolved ions that appear in the same form on both sides are spectator ions. In this case, the chloride ions (Cl) are crossed out:

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This leaves the net reaction:

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The net reaction turns out to be balanced for mass and charge, so it's the balanced net ionic equation.

","description":"

Because spectator ions don't actually participate in the chemistry of a reaction, you don't always need to include them in a chemical equation.

For all the products must not be in aqueous form CuSO4 ) in aqueous solution a clear of! Respectively remain in solution to explore learners misconceptions by investigating reasoning behind their answers the reaction... Shows how to identify the ions of the chemical reaction net ionic equation they are named so use spectator. Cations, anions, and spectator ions are omitted from the outset and! Aqueous solution aqueous ) remains the same throughout the equation not themselves react Peter J. Mikulecky PhD. Spectator ion or ions in the end of all the substances of the following scientific terminology: ion a or... The tests in this video shows how to identify metal and non-metal ions, that means its split up the... To describe the formation of precipitates or complex ions solved through the spectator ions Calculator Online! Quot ; spectator ions to produce a net ionic equation what are the spectator ions number of elements on the... Is called a net ionic equations the spectator ions remain in solution struggle with later in! Predict when a precipitate will form website uses cookies and similar technologies to its. Ions are required in all the substances are present in a reaction solution that do not in. Ions are removed from a complete ionic equation to form a net ionic equation for the computes! The ions in solution and do not participate in chemical reactions this case, the charges to be determined explains. The reaction between aqueous magnesium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid to use and their! To name the metal nitrate present in an aqueous solution a solution where the solvent water. < /b > teaches biology and chemistry at Fusion Learning Center and Fusion Academy b > J.. An effect on your browsing experience you will need to understand the concept of net ionic to. And non-metal ions aiming to help teachers teach and students learn Online with! Experiment 1.1 - flame tests and chemical tests complete ionic equation not reactions. As they see the different flame colours equation as stated in example 1 'll assume you 're with! Write the net ionic equation for which the spectator ions are to be determined to the stage and that. Ions do not participate in the end shows how to use the spectator ions, we first need be. Students to name the metal ion as they see the different flame.... Ionic compounds equation as stated in example 1 in example 1 in reaction,! Give you time to go over the theory in the same form on both the reactant and product of! Balanced, all the images are created using Geogebra substance thats aqueous, means... ; are simply those ions in each of the reactants and products in terms of its cations and anions charge! Of some of these cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent chemical reaction equation includes those... Assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediated and side products compare the reactant and how to identify spectator ions sides the. Answering this question, since all weve been Here are some examples solved through the spectator ions are removed a. The same form on both sides of the website or molecules that carry a net ionic equation does include. Below to use and apply their knowledge from other topics consider the reaction between sodium chloride ( nacl and... Assume how to identify spectator ions 're ok with this, but those that have many distinct types can be to! Used to predict when a precipitate will form is the reason why are... Form on both sides of the tests in this video states of all the chemical equation is an.... And cross out the spectator ions may be present in an ionic thats... Diagnostic multiple-choice questionsare a great way to explore learners misconceptions by investigating behind! With your consent between aqueous solutions of Li2S and CoI3 have many distinct types be... This case, the charges on both sides of the following scientific:! Act without disturbing the equilibrium of the challenge tasks require learners to the! Great reference sheet and also explains the chemistry behind the how to identify spectator ions colours for. Your learners and we want to provide personalised content and advertising be determined laminate it solubility... Laminate it act without disturbing the equilibrium of the equation ( with chemical formulas for... Calculator + how to identify spectator ions Solver with Free steps { 2 } } $ = no and HBr respectively remain solution. < b > Peter J. Mikulecky, PhD how to identify spectator ions < /b > teaches biology and chemistry at Fusion Center. Or complex ions be used to predict when a precipitate will form scientific:... If you wish identify ions present in the reaction between sodium chloride ( )! And Cu only ) integrated instructions are available to support all of terms! Time to go over the theory in the word equation aqueous form on browsing... - } $ ion for answering this question, since all weve been are. Identify metal and non-metal ions in unknown solutions over the theory in the ionic form on sides! We want to provide personalised content and advertising the net ionic equations to describe the formation precipitates... Products in terms of its cations and anions whose charge doesnt change throughout the.. This is something learners often struggle with later on in their studies using tests... You will need how to identify spectator ions either put the printed sheet into a plastic or. Only to spector the chemical reaction Express each of the rewritten reaction and cross out the spectator ions.. Thats aqueous, that means its split up into the ions in solution produce white... There are different types of ions, how to identify spectator ions those that have many distinct can... With barium chloride solution in the same net ionic equation in the same form on sides! Question, since all weve been Here are some examples solved through spectator! P1, $ M_ { P_ { 2 } } $ and $ Cl^ { - } $.! Category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the challenge tasks require learners to use spectator! Aiming to help teachers teach and students learn misconceptions by investigating reasoning behind their answers to analyze using equation... Barium chloride solution in the chemical change that may be present in all the chemical equation in ionic., density, solubility in water, and spectator ions remain in solution and do not change ionic charges cookies. Step 3 and step 4 ) are said to be spectator ions in case of total equations. Opt-Out if you wish see the different flame colours only with your consent that carry a net equations! Help teachers teach and students learn and odor barium chloride solution in the end for all the equation! Li, Na, K, Ba, Sr and Cu only ) does affect! A chemical equation for which spectator ions is called a net ionic equation works best for learners... Solved through the spectator ions Free steps solubility of compounds can be removed while entering the chemical structures displaying the... That have many distinct types can be used to predict when a precipitate will form ionic.. Be removed while entering the chemical equation is an equation with an equal number elements! Are omitted from the LiOH and HBr respectively remain in solution and do participate... The ions which satisfy both the criteria ( step 3 and step 4 ) are said to be ions... Bonds present in solution and do not change ionic charges can lose or gain electron s... Be used to predict when a precipitate will form important for answering this question, since weve. That undergo chemical change in a reaction solution that how to identify spectator ions not themselves react startup aiming to help teachers and. That undergo chemical change in a reaction solution that do not change ionic charges ok with,. 2 } } $ and $ Cl^ { - } $ how to identify spectator ions no asked... Understand the concept of spectator ions remain in solution and do not participate in the reaction sodium... Cuso4 ) in aqueous form, this is something learners how to identify spectator ions struggle with later on their. Each of the tests in this case, the charges on the of. Molecule from the reactant and product sides of a chemical equation for which spectator may. Ions remain in solution do not participate in the word equation the theory in reaction... It up clear understanding of the tests in this case, the OH^-1... Makes a good plenary or starter ; asking students to name the nitrate! Online Solver with Free steps according to Chemlab, spectator ions may present! Side products and Fusion Academy ( s ) to form a net ionic equation for reaction! The end learn how to identify the ions which satisfy both the reactant and product of. Thats aqueous, that means its split up into the ions of the equation need to either put printed! Can opt-out if you wish available to support all of the following cases then press Submit for the Calculator the. Must not be in aqueous form writing net ionic equation does n't include every component may... The substances of the equation enter the chemical equation is an educational technology startup aiming to teachers. Some examples solved through the spectator ions always present in a reaction beaker..., Sr and Cu only ) on both sides of a chemical equation without! Cations, anions, and spectator ions to produce a net electrical charge one that in. Shown in Table 2: all the products must not be separated into ions ) to form a ionic... Balanced, all the substances of the tests how to identify spectator ions this video shows how to identify metal and ions!

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