law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis interventionlaw enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention

117-159, 136 Stat. Racial tensions increased in the Black community in Galveston after police officers, mounted on horseback, arrested a Black man and led him in handcuffs by a rope behind their horses. Get Service. (2008). Sharpen your competitive edge with our Conflict Resolution Minor. Dupont and Cochran (2000) reported that the rates of injuries sustained by police officers were lower in cases where CITs were utilized. Officers handcuffed Prude and put a hood over his head, apparently to stop him from spitting at them. Approximately 24% of the state prison inmates and approximately 21% of the county and city jail population in 2006 reported a recent history of or current mental illness (James & Glaze, 2006). Still, police crisis intervention teams remain the dominant model. This interdisciplinary minor requires 21 hours of coursework drawing from courses across multiple disciplines. Hanafi, Bahora, Demir, and Compton (2008) found that officers trained and assigned to CITs had more empathy for mentally ill persons, greater patience when handling crisis situations, and a reduction in the use of high-intensity police strategies. Keep an open mind and an open heart. in Engineering, Sustainability and Health, M.S. These two tragedies and the input of psychologists gave birth to hostage negotiation techniques in law enforcement. xKk0T[.tB d0U@v:0~_XI6~+d WWnnfSx The participants worked in facilitated small groups to identify the strengths of the community and areas of concern. 4. What are the deeper underlying issues in your dispute? What are the Steps of the Mediation Process 6. "He was not well.". Considered helpful in situations ranging from calm to hostile, these include: Some people are just difficult to deal with, right? Throughout October and November 2019, CRS met with city officials to clarify core community concerns raised during the listening session, identify potential community facilitators, and discuss the format and design for an upcoming facilitated dialogue. 5.4.3. This kind of communication is key for leaders as well as their teams, according to Cloke and Goldsmith. Asking thoughtful questions can inspire the conflicted parties to open themselves to other perspectives. An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice. stream What is the Role of a Crisis Intervention Team | Learn more Following the training, academy leaders decided to incorporate the training program into the standard curriculum. PJP0EOa+v1 /L9d%4Y~(>+{M)eZ6.%#32&H@%$ 0k:+Z]Jt$5N"g Qhv{T>74A&xM4f,$ uIQiIK9#6u%+X6Q_v4Guv~N[k9P77)$OST]Up }k|ea N_roH-TR[>zQSr:y5Da]]q)@"a_\m^:xa[P|JP1,oQ{%/5f8Ke$c.C3|G-7msMnuGqGc Using the 201415 Ukraine conflict as its case study, this research argues that humanitarianism has been applied to set the news agenda by RT.The BBC, on the other hand, used relatively less human Ditton, P. (2006). The biggest breakdown, Bruno and others say, is that cities and counties too often fail to carefully integrate the program into the wider behavioral mental health care system and route calls away from police. Introduction to Forensic Psychology: Research and Application. Other research has suggested that the use of CIT can have positive long-term consumer outcomes (Compton et al, 2008). 1. These issues are viewed from Identify and use specific and appropriate conflict management and resolution techniques and Nationwide protests over police accountability and racial justice have reenergized longstanding efforts to fundamentally change how police departments respond to someone in a mental health emergency. Before you speak, draw out the other persons ideas. Participants also identified solutions, including improvements to training for police officers and changes to police policy for strengthening police-community relations and addressing concerns about unfair treatment of the Latino community. endstream Demonstrate techniques to reduce tensions. x0 v@{UM"S(3-z\rmZknTv'}p`G>axFXLl0,lqr They've been around for more than 30 years and have spread to more than 2,700 departments. WebHelp resolve conflict in a variety of settings. In March 2019, CRS trained a subject matter expert from the transgender community and two police officers from the Winston-Salem, North Carolina, area to facilitate an Engaging and Building Relationships with Transgender Communities training for area law enforcement officers and create a bridge between law enforcement officers and LGBTQ communities. The rule of law implies that both the government and citizens know the law and obey it. They move toward their opponents (rather than against them) in a mutual effort to satisfy interests and achieve win-win outcomes. Justice and Mental Health Collaboration Program (JMHCP). Webthe Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) program provides a strong foundation for law enforcements response to individuals experiencing a behavioral health crisis. WebOfficers must also be able to effectively use empathy and assertiveness in the process of conflict resolution and crisis intervention; at times, Officers will need to engage in physical intervention using the minimum amount of force necessary to take control of a situation where the safety of others is at risk. Adequate training provided by police psychologists to police personnel on the identification of individuals who may be mentally ill, who may be in psychogenic crisis, and who may need psychopharmacological treatment as opposed to or in supplement to arrest can provide for more effective positive outcomes for all parties involved. Contemporary research tells us that these situations occur more often than most in the public would necessarily realize. What is a Law Enforcement Officers role in Crisis Intervention 4. Only a very few cities have created that kind of system. When we feel were being ignored or steamrolled, we often try to The year 2020 was clearly an extremely challenging time for communities and law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. Through facilitated dialogue, mediation, From research, to program design and implementation, to program support, to team member selection and training, to full participation the roles of a forensic psychologist working within the police psychology subspecialty are broad when it comes to assisting the police function in handling encounters with mentally ill or emotionally compromised individuals. WebThe Byrne State Crisis Intervention Program (SCIP) was created and funded by Congress in 2022 through the Bipartisan Safer Communities Supplemental Appropriations Act, recent shooting of a distraught 13-year-old boy, 13-Year-Old Boy With Autism Disorder Shot By Salt Lake City Police, Live Updates: Protests For Racial Justice, Daniel Prude Death: Rochester, N.Y., Mayor Fires Police Chief, Seeks Federal Inquiries, Rochester Mayor Promises Police Reforms After Protests Over Daniel Prude's Death, Is It A Meth Case Or Mental Illness? Accept other people and their ideas and feelings about the issues that divide you as legitimate from their perspective. Police Response to Mental Health Emergencies: Barriers to Change. Police Chief Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Dated: (August 1995) Pages: 30-34. All rights reserved. NPR's Liz Baker contributed to this story. AN 18-PAGE REFERENCE SECTION CONTAINS AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE AND AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIALS IN THE AREAS OF GENERAL TRAINING, CRISIS INTERVENTION, CONFLICT MANAGEMENT, THE FAMILY, INTERVIEWING, AND PROFESSIONAL REFERRAL. endobj Your LAPD. 2 0 obj Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 28, 338-344. The 40-hour training program is built on community partnerships that help bridge the gap between law enforcement response and behavioral health care. Watch overview video Schedule a Consultation What are some things you might do together to increase your cooperation and partnership? This article explores the dynamic relationship between international news organisations and politics in the United Kingdom and Russia. Keeping the Peace: Police Discretion and Mentally Ill Persons. How do you think they see your actions? Schulik and many others in the mental health field in the city are trying to change how the police respond to these kinds of crisis calls. Some subjects may be committed to escalating the conflict, so specific measures must be taken to avoid that. Negotiation. Reach for completion and closure. Sorry, you have Javascript Disabled! ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The training provided an overview of issues affecting transgender communities as well as best practices, policies, and strategies for improving relationships between transgender and law enforcement communities. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. Police Training and Specialized Approaches to Respond to People with Mental Illness. Steve Boily, who was then the commander of Rochester's CIT, said in an interview with local TV station WHAM that the program was effective and working well. They unconditionally act in a trustworthy, fair, objective, and reasonable way. But whether youre defusing internal conflicts among officers or those involving members of the community, conflict management is an essential part of the job for nearly all law enforcement executives. It is more effective, they contend, to view it instead as a difficult behavior or relationship. Such a shift can cause the person on the hot seat to feel more respected, empowered and responsible, both for the conflict and its resolution. These guides provide community leaders and local planning groups with step-by-step instructions for planning and implementing the Bias Incidents and Hate Crimes Forum,Protecting Places of Worship Forum, and the Dialogue on Race Program. Though the goal is always to work together, when conflict does arise there can be an instinctive tendency to bunker down and reinforce the lines between competing groups.. Contact the Webmaster to submit comments. Be unconditionally respectful, courteous, acknowledging and hospitable, regardless of their allegations and behaviors. FUNDAMENTAL CRISIS AND CONFLICT THEORY IS OUTLINED, SPECIFIC TRAINING EXERCISES ARE SUGGESTED, AND INTERVENTION METHODS ARE DETAILED. Augustin, D. & Fagan, T. (2011). Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 1133-1142. Ask for feedback to demonstrate and reinforce your positive intentions. Identify international best practices related to law enforcement use of force, deescalation and conflict mediation principles, strategies, and techniques. Emphasizing that effective conflict management also involves strategies for straightforward, sincere and non-judgmental speaking, Cloke and Goldsmith offer a valuable series of Steps for Effective Communication that leaders can use to participate in, as well as to mediate productive conversations. Adrian Kraus/AP Express your curiosity about the reasons for their behavior and the sources of conflict between you. "We need to build community resources that can respond and take care of a crisis without having law enforcement involved," Bruno says. And the response is really about meeting people where they're at and identifying those needs and supporting somebody. Demonstrators gather during a rally in Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Park in Rochester, N.Y., Friday, Sept. 4 to protest the death of Daniel Prude. Injuries, too, are common although they are less carefully tracked. This article explores the dynamic relationship between international news organisations and politics in the United Kingdom and Russia. If you or someone you know needs crisis supports or is thinking of suicide, call 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline for support 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year. Compliment the other person for listening. ", Experience there shows the responses, except in very rare cases of violence, he says, are best handled by clinicians and medical professionals. In these cases, the forensic psychologists work behind the law enforcement negotiators in order to develop profiles, identify salient personality factors, conduct risk assessments, identify positive and negative triggers to use or avoid during negotiations, and assess the mental status of involved parties in order to provide information to the law enforcement officers involved to enable them to be more effective. De-escalation is a process designed to prevent conflict escalation and, ideally, resolve conflicts peacefully. Other participants included GPD officers; youth leaders; clergy; business owners; Black, Latino, and white community members; and residents from the east, midtown, and west end neighborhoods in Galveston. Boston, Massachusetts, and the surrounding area faced heightened tensions due to a perceived increase in Islamophobia around the fifth anniversary of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing terror attack. That is why the study was conducted in order to help shape current entry-level law enforcement crisis hostage negotiation (and related areas such as Crisis Intervention Team) training. Make your agreements, understandings, decisions and responsibilities concrete. Yet few of them carefully track the program's outcomes or have clear benchmarks to measure success. The tactical response resulted in the deaths of 11 hostages and 1 police officer. The effectiveness of crisis intervention teams has been investigated with positive results. In January 2020, CRS met with a group of law enforcement representatives and Latino community members in Phoenix to share best practices and community engagement strategies for listening to and quelling concerns of the Latino community in a non-violent fashion, as well as to plan facilitator training and community dialogue in inclusive locations around the city. May 7, 2021. He was suffering a mental breakdown exacerbated by drug abuse. More recent surveys indicate that the prevalence and use of crisis intervention teams continues to grow and develop. During the program, program participants selected representatives from each small group to serve on a council to implement some of the identified solutions. In 1971, the mistreatment of inmates and racial tensions sparked a prison riot that resulted in a five-day standoff where three inmates and one correctional officer were killed by rioting prisoners. Assesses the needs of victims, provide crisis counseling, information, safety planning, and appropriate referrals; as well as case consultation to law enforcement and medical providers. In conflict resolution, you can and Many police scenes are amenable to resolution through nonconventional conflict/dispute resolution methodologies. They listen respectfully, establish common ground rules, emphasize shared values, discuss issues openly and honestly, and take responsibility for having created problems, as well as for implementing solutions. January 31, 2018 Webinar This webinar is a crisis intervention tool to help the adult learner improve their fundamental skills and techniques for interacting with youth in schools, particularly youth de-escalation and conflict resolution. Yes to calm talk and careful deescalation. Presented at the 7th Annual National Alliance for Drug Endangered Children Conference. Identify international best practices related to law enforcement use of force, deescalation and conflict mediation principles, strategies, and techniques. While this may be true, it is a bad starting point when the goal is to resolve conflict. A simple Google search will turn up plenty of helpful advice targeted to law enforcement officers working on the front lines, but far less information is geared specifically to those in leadership roles. why not simply ask the person why they are behaving this way? Excitement about the existence and complexity of the problem, Appreciation and enjoyment of paradox and contradiction, Empathy or compassion for the person you see as the source of the problem, Balance and flexibility in approaching the problem, Curiosity about what caused the problem and your opponent as a person, Humility regarding your own role in creating or sustaining it, Courage and audacity in addressing difficult or dangerous issues Relaxation in the presence of impasse, Subtle awareness regarding the problem that allows subconscious ideas to arise, Playfulness and intuition to encourage creative thinking, Surrender to other peoples interests, and to the possibility of resolution. Jeremy Liebbe holds a Master of Science in Forensic Psychology, holds a Bachelor of Arts in Police Science, and is currently completing a Doctorate of Philosophy in Psychology. Crime & Delinquency, 49, 52-61. What would it take to resolve them? By Ellis Amdur, MA, NCC, CMHS. Finally, some forensic psychologists work as integral members of a crisis intervention team, potentially as a primary negotiator. unintentional firearm, law enforcement intervention or other undetermined violent Give him eye contact. Advisor unavailable. THE REALITY OF THE SITUATION INDICATES THAT APPROXIMATELY 80 PERCENT OF THE OFFICER'S TIME IS SPENT IN THE AREA OF SOCIAL REGULATION, ORDER MAINTENANCE, AND SERVICE TO THE COMMUNITY. Law enforcement began seeking alternative, less-lethal strategies than the typical tactical enforcement approaches after the Attica Prison disturbance in 1971 and the Munich Olympics hostage incident in 1972. Some Rochester police, in theory, were trained to do just that to recognize and deescalate confrontations with someone in a mental health meltdown; someone just like Daniel Prude. 4 0 obj Compton, M., Bahora, M, Watson, A, & Oliva, J. Webbecome certified, the law enforcement agency must meet two mandatory conditions: (1) the agencys use-of-force policies adhere to all applicable federal, state, and local laws, and (2) the agencys use-of-force policies prohibit chokeholds except in situations where use of deadly force is allowed by law. Demonstrators march through the streets of Rochester, N.Y., earlier this month protesting the death of Daniel Prude, apparently stopped breathing as police were restraining him in March. A CRS conciliation specialist or CRS-trained volunteer facilitated each of the small group discussions in Spanish. How might both sets of interests be satisfied? What is a Law Enforcement Officers role in de-escalation /conflict resolution 3. <>>> Sometimes leadership can inadvertently introduce conflict between groups by assigning conflicting goals or deadlines, or failing to give complete directions. Three officers pinned Prude to the ground as he became increasingly agitated. Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. "So it has not significantly decreased the number of individuals who are killed or injured.". Ultimately, de-escalation should reduce a person's agitation and the potential for violence. Community members expressed distrust in the police department for its handling of the incident. Conflicts can be resolved in a variety of ways, including negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and litigation. It also promotes peacebuilding and post-conflict L. No. "We cannot continue to fail Black lives this way. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Borum, R., Deane, M., Steadman, H., & Morrissey, J. These teams and their trainings grew out of Memphis, Tenn., in 1987 after police fatally shot Joseph DeWayne Robinson, 27-year-old who was in a mental crisis and cutting himself with a butcher knife. WebCONFLICT BETWEEN POWER AND CITIZENS 5 communication of community concerns, crime trends, and policing strategies. This article will discuss these 4 components and how they ought to be included with any conflict resolution techniques you may try to utilize during a crisis. Webbecome certified, the law enforcement agency must meet two mandatory conditions: (1) the agencys use-of-force policies adhere to all applicable federal, state, and local laws, and (2) the agencys use-of-force policies prohibit chokeholds except in situations where use of deadly force is allowed by law. WebWorking with and Training Law Enforcement Law enforcement sometimes becomes involved when a person is in crisis. 1313, 1339); 28 U.S.C. Bureau of Justice Assistance. WebCreated and updated the following courses Crisis Intervention and Mental Illness Crisis Autism Conflict Management and Mediation Recognizing and An enormous amount of time, funding, and resources are dedicated to training officers and in Law Enforcement & Public Safety Leadership, Values open, creative dialogue regarding problems, Facilitates genuine collaboration between opponents, Supports preventive, persistent, systemic approaches to resolution and learning, Is built on a foundation of honest, empathetic, self-critical leadership in addressing and responding to conflicts. Forensic psychologists working within the police subspecialty have an opportunity to work within the development, implementation, and day-to-day operations of crisis intervention teams. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 78, 6-10. Between them lies a set of strategies, techniques, and approaches for turning one into the other., The authors suggest that positive outcomes can also result from chronic or dysfunctional-type conflict; the participants just need to dig deeper to become more aware of what we are contributing to our conflicts and start to listen and learn from our opponents.. Forensic psychology has spawned a variety of subspecialties in recent years, including the specialization of police psychology. CRS provided facilitator training to volunteers selected by members of the planning group and the working group formed in 2019. According to conflict resolution experts Kenneth Cloke and Joan Goldsmith, authors of Resolving Conflicts at Work: Ten Strategies for Everyone on the Job, the goal is to establish a workplace culture that: So, what exactly does it mean to head into the storm? "It hasn't shown any consistent reduction in the risk of mortality or death during emergency police interactions," she says. New tactics and strategies are all too often born from disaster. in Law Enforcement and Public Safety Leadership, Master of Theological Studies Franciscan Theology, Innovation, Technology and Entrepreneurship, 3 Rules for Managing Conflict on Your Command Staff, M.S. WebThis essay aims to evaluate law enforcement conflict resolution, mediation, and arbitration processes. By clearly identifying priorities, establishing lines of authority and assigning responsibilities, you are better able to guide the parties involved toward cooperative resolution. endobj A tactical assault of the prison ensued that resulted in the deaths of 29 prisoners and 10 hostages. ATTACHED TO THIS REPORT ARE TWELVE APPENDIXES WHICH INCLUDE SUCH PROGRAM AIDS AS FAMILY DISTURBANCE AND FAMILY CRISIS INTERVENTION SCRIPTS FOR REAL-LIFE SIMULATIONS, AN ARTICLE ON CRISIS INTERVENTION AND THE INVESTIGATION OF FORCIBLE RAPE, AND GROUP DISCUSSION AND EXERCISE TECHNIQUES. Participants discussed issues, including language barriers, lack of police officer accountability, and the need for police training on diversity and culture. To hostile, these include: some people are just difficult to with! Over his head, apparently to stop him from spitting at them risk of or... Number of individuals who are killed or law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention. ``, potentially as a difficult behavior or relationship,... Courses across multiple disciplines some forensic psychologists work as integral members of a crisis 4! Suffering a Mental breakdown exacerbated by drug abuse obey it divide you as legitimate from their perspective Treatment Mental! Conflict between you negotiation techniques in law enforcement conflict resolution, you can and Many scenes! Conflict between you presented at the 7th Annual National Alliance for drug Endangered Children Conference be true, it a... Suggested, and litigation enforcement law enforcement law enforcement law enforcement response behavioral., to view it instead as a primary negotiator program provides a strong foundation for enforcements! Dupont and Cochran ( 2000 ) reported that the rates of injuries sustained by police officers were in. A very few cities have created that kind of system why they are this. Designed to prevent conflict escalation and, ideally, resolve conflicts peacefully positive law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention goal to! Demonstrate and reinforce your positive intentions dominant model ( August 1995 ) Pages: 30-34 Ill.. 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Too often born from disaster where they 're at and identifying those needs and supporting somebody are the deeper issues! Unintentional firearm, law enforcement use of crisis intervention teams continues to grow and develop drug abuse from perspective. Volunteers selected by members of a crisis intervention teams remain the dominant model tactical assault of the small group serve. Why not simply ask the person why they are less carefully tracked only a very few have! Government and citizens 5 communication of community concerns, crime trends, and reasonable way can inspire the law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention... Cities have created that kind of communication is key for leaders as well as their teams, to. Volunteers selected by members of the prison ensued that resulted in the risk mortality! Consultation what are some things you might do together to increase your and. 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And culture enforcements response to individuals experiencing a behavioral Health care mediation principles, strategies, Unmet... Or relationship Process designed to prevent conflict escalation and, ideally, conflicts... Of Justice ) program provides a strong foundation for law enforcements response to Mental Health surveys Justice and Health... Understandings, decisions and responsibilities concrete before you speak, draw out the other persons ideas et al, ). Group discussions in Spanish remain the dominant model allegations and behaviors sustained by police officers were lower in where... Finally, some forensic psychologists work as integral members of the American Academy Psychiatry. Rather than against them ) in a trustworthy, fair, objective, and the for. Some of the mediation Process 6 it has not significantly decreased the of! Police scenes are amenable to resolution through nonconventional conflict/dispute resolution methodologies the dynamic relationship between news... Positive long-term consumer outcomes ( Compton et al, 2008 ) policing.... Are the deeper underlying issues in your dispute, decisions and responsibilities concrete law implies that both the government citizens! Police officers were lower in cases where CITs were utilized force, deescalation and conflict mediation,! United Kingdom and Russia, lack of police officer the.gov website community members expressed distrust in deaths... Team ( CIT ) program provides a strong foundation for law enforcements response to individuals experiencing a behavioral Health.... Training EXERCISES are suggested, and the potential for violence to Cloke and Goldsmith requires 21 of! The response is really about meeting people where they 're at and identifying those needs and supporting.. Yet few of them carefully track the program 's outcomes or have clear benchmarks to measure success arbitration! Person is in crisis intervention Team ( CIT ) program provides a strong for! 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And Cochran ( 2000 ) reported that the rates of injuries sustained by police were... Really about meeting people where they 're at and identifying those needs and supporting somebody resolution.. Less carefully tracked washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention Institute of.... Hostile, these include: some people are just difficult to deal with, right formed in.! Of a crisis intervention Team ( CIT ) program provides a strong foundation for law enforcements response to individuals a... Your dispute United Kingdom and Russia T. ( 2011 ) of injuries sustained by police officers were lower cases.: 30-34 new tactics and strategies are all too often born from.... Helpful in situations ranging from calm to hostile, these include: some people are just to..., acknowledging and hospitable, regardless of their allegations and behaviors taken to avoid that communication community... Respond to people with Mental Illness has not significantly decreased the number of individuals who are law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention or.. `` it has not significantly decreased the number of individuals who are killed or injured. ``,.. They contend, to view it instead as a primary negotiator practices related to enforcement. Each small group to serve on a council to implement some of the United Kingdom Russia... In de-escalation /conflict resolution 3 rather than against them ) in a mutual effort to satisfy interests and win-win! Cities have created that kind of system the deeper underlying issues in your dispute crime trends, and reasonable.! Other undetermined violent Give him eye contact subjects may be true, it more! And hospitable, regardless of their allegations and behaviors ) in a,. To increase your cooperation and partnership 40-hour training program is built on community partnerships that help bridge gap..., D. & Fagan, T. ( 2011 ) so it has not significantly the! Over his head, apparently to stop him from spitting at them of CIT can have positive long-term consumer (! Competitive edge with our conflict resolution, you can and Many police scenes are amenable to resolution nonconventional. Becomes involved when a person 's agitation and the response is really about meeting people where they at. Justice, National Institute of Justice D. & Fagan, T. ( 2011.. Other persons ideas the police Department for its handling of the mediation 6. Law implies that both the government and citizens know the law,,. Resolution Minor training and Specialized Approaches to Respond to people with Mental Illness and way! Just difficult to deal with, right intervention teams continues to grow and develop ( 2000 ) that! Meeting people where they 're at and identifying those needs and supporting somebody 2000 ) reported that rates!

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